Sarcopenia is a degenerative skeletal muscle disorder that is commonly associated with aging. The term is derived from the Greek words "sarx" meaning flesh and "penia" meaning loss. The condition is characterized by a gradual decline in muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to decreased mobility, frailty, and an increased risk of falls and fractures.
Muscle plays a crucial role in the body's metabolic health by helping to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, contributing to insulin sensitivity, and promoting energy expenditure. Maintaining muscle mass is thus essential for healthy aging and preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
An appropriate loading strategy that includes resistance exercise is the most effective way to maintain muscle mass in aging adults. Resistance exercise helps to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and promote muscle hypertrophy. Adequate nutrition, including sufficient protein intake, is also necessary for muscle maintenance, as well as adequate sleep and recovery.
Preventing sarcopenia is a critical public health issue, as the aging population is increasing globally. Preventive strategies that target muscle maintenance should be emphasized in healthcare and public health policies. As the aging process cannot be reversed, early interventions such as appropriate exercise and nutrition may be essential for successful aging and improved quality of life.
